\vspace{ 5mm } %5mm vertical space This text still at the top, 5mm below the first paragraph. 5pt}. It does not end the paragraph, just breaks the line. Using [0. extfloatsep = 1aselineskip plus 0. Text at the top of the page. I meant oday, as in my answer. The indentation. Take this simple case of the vspace command: \documentclass [] {article} \begin {document} oindent p \vspace {10 mm} oindent b \end {document} This should just insert a 10mm gap between the lower tip of p and the upper tip of b. sffamily A switch changes the style from this point to the end of the document unless another switch is used. Then the space is never removed. 3 Answers. hbox, horizontal box. If you want no space between the upper edge of the text block (which is not the same as the upper edge of the page), you should change vspace*{25p@} to vspace*{0p@}. 1 Answer. My MWE might be a little too simplistic. LaTeX removes horizontal space that comes at the end of a line. Original answer, keeping scale=0. Use a vspace with the appropriate fraction of extheight or paperheight. If you use @ {…} the code of the argument of @ is added instead of the distance. In summary, \qquad doubles the effect of \quad. For. The body of the environment goes into the box, and then at the end it sets. The primitive TeX commands for building boxes are. I want some more spacing between the first line. If someone (LaTeX team) can enlighten me as to the % general rule, please do! It would be very pleasant if setspace. egin {figure*} centering egin {subfigure} {0. ) for specifying lengths and heights. Well, after all I~think that two lines would be even better. documentclass{article} setlengthparskip{3mm} %add some vertical whitespace between paragraphs egin{document} vspace*{6. 2cm}item Second Line end {itemize} the ~ is needed because space at the end of the page might won't show. 45linewidth} centering includegraphics. 5cm}. \hspace* {<skip>} is analogous, but won't disappear at a line break. end{document} Định dạng các chữ một cách cụ thểYou can hook into cftchapafterpnum for adding some vertical space after a chapter title in the table of contents. When hspace* {1cm} is called, LaTeX uses the internal command @hspacer, which does. the best practice, and recommended, method of using LaTeX packages such as setspace and parskip which provide options and user-level commands to change the spacing of your LaTeX documents;; use of low-level TeX/LaTeX parameter. When writing multiple subfigures you probably don't think of it as a "paragraph" but to tex a subfigure is just a big letter and this is a paragraph going through its standard line breaking algorithm. The following graphic shows the output of this LaTeX code—the. a vspace {1cm} b. In LaTeX, there are several ways to create a two-column layout depending on your requirements. Manually insert a vspace {<len>} between the text and the algorithm, ensuring that you are in vertical mode. 55aselineskip ), for whatever reason. So you have the distance abcolsep before the first and after the last column and 2 abcolsep between two columns. 5mm}. Like: I am a LaTeX user. I want to decrease the vertical space between the top of the page and the chapter heading. ) as well as adding links to the pdf and using your favourite citation style. , points, inches, etc. The command \\ works (in most environments) similar to ewline but allows to specify an optional argument that defines the extra space that should be added after the current line. fill is defined as skip20 (well allocated with ewskipfill, so the number might differ in different formats and builds), so it calls the skip register 20, which's value is 0pt plus 1fill. Definitions ewcommand ewenvironment ewtheorem ewfont. Spacing around operators and relations in math mode are governed by specific skip widths: hinmuskip (by default it is equal to 3 mu) medmuskip (by default it is equal to 4 mu) hickmuskip (by default it is equal to 5 mu) egin{ align* } 3ax+4by=5cz 3ax<4by+5cz end{ align* } Open this example in Overleaf. Usually will take care of spacing things on the page correctly. Some more information. So the igskip command is probably not what you are looking for. 5aselineskip} for skipping half of a line. Sorted by: 25. answered May 19, 2014 at 16:20. 1. For deleting white spaces, without the * the skip is always discarded at the start of the page (whitin the. Sep 10, 2014 at 4:05. 3. To compensate for the remaining space I suggest setbeamertemplate {headline} {vskip3pt} instead (you might have to experiment with the exact value of the vertical space) Don't manually put formatting instructions like LARGE in macro arguments, change the respective font instead: setbeamerfont {frametitle}. Instead of use a blank line or write par to end the paragraph. something with mu unit which makes sense in math mode. But when you say "reduce the space between subfigure and the sufigure captions", that makes one wonder,. So for example I can write: \documentclass {article} \begin {document. You can specify vspace in postscript points. You should never set leftskip directly in latex, it will cause any nested list or display environment to be misplaced. Useful to control the fine-tuning in the layout of pictures. There are other discussions on the left alignments that seem very complicated. ) However, LaTeX puts too much vspace below algorithms. Thank you very much! –A vphantom does not add vertical space it adds a box of zero width, this may produce some white area on a page but it is not at all like vertical space (glue) as added vspace and related commands. ; Add a vertical space on each line where necessary via [<amount>]. g. It should simply fill the white space for as far as the replacing text reaches, i. \documentclass {article} \title {\vspace {-7cm}} \author {} \date {} \begin {document} \maketitle Hello there. the image is a first letter of a paragraph. The second aspect is relevant in some special situations: suppose you write. I use vspace, gives you full control on the amount of space. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. The placement specifier parameter allows us to have control over the location of the figure in text. Text at the top of the page. It is a rubber length—it may contain a component (see. LaTeX \vspace 命令添加垂直空间。空格的长度可以用 LaTeX 理解的任何术语表示，即点、英寸等。您可以使用 \vspace 命令添加负空格和正空格。 \vspace 命令通常用于在文档的段落、节或其他元素之间添加空格。它还可用于调整页面上元素的位置，例如表格或图形。 \indent\vspace{. For figures, I can use negative vspaces after the figure to get less space after it. White space under wrapfigure caption. You are trying to reinvent the wheel! 😉. it does not need to be stretched to fill the whole space. Sep 9, 2014 at 23:58. It's nearly always the case that you don't want the * form. Once having made clear that mspace can only be used in math mode (and requires amsmath), mspace only accepts a length expressed in mu units (but the plus and minus components also accept fil[ll] units) or in terms of a mu based parameter ( hinmuskip, medmuskip and hickmuskip), hspace doesn't accept mu units,; we can describe the. This is often helpful in debugging. Type H <return> for immediate help. difference between vspace and vspace* for negative arguments. However, it will turn both author names and affiliation boldface. 04\textwidth. LaTeX will wrap surrounding text around the figure, leaving a gap of intextsep at the top and bottom, and columsep at the side, by producing a series of. 2 spacings within math mode in L A T E X. You can make your "title" a removal of vertical space. results in a slightly smaller gap (because there's still a small stretch/shrink; the = is optional. 5cm} color {gray} item Field of application color. Off-topic: using tikz for the doted lines feels a. More precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page. You can make your "title" a removal of vertical space. Check this. And I slept. Here is the context: documentclass {report} usepackage {setspace,relsize,needspace,etoolbox} makeatletter preto {@verbatim} { opsep=-1. You have a opsep of roughly 2. Putting the two images(top and bottom) in one subfigure environment and use vspace{-xx} to close the gap. Simply use addvspace instead of vspace and you will get the maximum of the lengths instead of the sum of the lengths whenever you have multiple consecutive spaces. Sep 9, 2014 at 23:58. latex; pdflatex; or ask your own question. vspace {} or hspace {} with a negative value to reduce the vertical or horizontal spacing respectively. There are a number of horizontal spacing macros for LaTeX: , inserts a . markdown. } and vspace* {. Text at the top of the page. rpp. Also, use @{} to eliminate the the column spacing on the left hand side. My guess is that Latex handles the switch to vertical mode more smartly with vspace than vskip, but I would have to see an MGE to be confident. Compare with the hand written latex version using same class: Examining the generated tex file i see every definition (and similar) environment is prepended with some extra code. Using a text editor of your choice (we used pico before), let us create a tex file named 'quiz. Of course, if the “end of document” doesn't fit the page, you will get an almost empty new page. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. But for binary operators such as +, − and ×, the medmuskip space is set. Lengths can be changed by the command: setlength{lengthname} { value _ in _ specified _ unit } For example, in a two-column document the column separation can be set to 1 inch by: setlength{columnsep} { 1in } Below is a table with some of the most common lengths and their. The following are length commands that generate horizontal space with their various descriptions and examples. It takes an argument directly following the ``p'' (with out an intervening space). 1. – Werner ♦. The analogous of the hspace command for vertical spacing is, of course, called vspace. You can modify the following lengths, which affect all floats. The main change you need to make is to replace vspace{6. you shouldn't abuse for line breaks, this causes many underfull box warnings. vspace only takes effect when LaTeX creates a line break or a new paragraph. Extracting the x-coordinate is done via zposx{<label>}, which is expandable; it returns a number, which should be converted to. I think more technically, \vspace only has effect when LaTeX is in vertical mode. I have tried the subcaptions package and the commands vspace and vspace*, but they did not. 5in}x_{\pm} =-\frac{b}{2a}\pm\frac{\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}. As showed in comments and previous answer, for vertical spacing you can use vspace, vskip, vfill or vfil or their combinations. To ensure that white space is produced even at points in the document where line breaking takes place, one should replace \hspace by \hspace*. well as I said originally the sign doesn't really affect the choice much. Is it better to prefer some of these units over. Same vertical spacing above and below section, subsection and chapter. If LaTeX is not currently in vertical mode, LaTeX saves the \vspace until next time it enters vertical mode. \chapter issues a \clearpage to start on a new page, and the insertion of a \vspace*, while necessary, inserts content that is sufficient for the \clearpage to be realised. – John Kormylo. Then a space is here from the end of line a then vadjust which is a primitive used by the vspace macro. Eventually, the options any LaTeX beginner desired were born! The new (May 2021) package tabularray has two options to set the space before and after the table rows: abovesep and belowsep of the parameter rows!. e. However, vspace can also appear in a paragraph and the vertical spacing will be applied below the text line where the. 0pt). I would like to add some vertical space after my address and before my phone number. To use the exam class you must put the line. 5 extheight} lipsum [2] end {document} As egreg says in the comments, the space will be removed if it occurs at the top of a page. The added length value of -4pt is to compensate the (rubber) length partopsep of the center environment that is used to type set the title. The vspace Command. @dustin I agree to some extent, however the reason I posted this answer is that I had a similar problem (with an image, not a tabular environment) and this was the first page I landed on however HaraldHanche-Olsen's answer did not help me for two reasons - 1. Yes! \par (or a blank line) and \vspace {2cm} after works! Adding \vspace in vertical mode directly adds the space at the point written. ; Distance between nodes in your images are very small, For their determinations I would use positioning library which enable to define distance between nodes borders (and not between theirs centers) To manually set the current value of \parskip use LaTeX’s \setlength command; for example, to separate paragraphs by 3pt you can write: \setlength{\parskip} { 3pt } The following example demonstrates the use of \parskip : \documentclass{ article } % Choose a conveniently small page size \usepackage[paperheight=16cm,paperwidth=12cm,textwidth. The * version. Place the figure at the bottom of a text page. And I slept. In your set-up there is a parskip before the minipage and once the minipage starts there is an abovedisplayskip at the top each set of equations. If you use scrbook or scrreprt (KOMA-script) the space before and after the chapter title is given by chapterheadstartvskip and chapterheadendvskip. The difference is almost unnoticeable. vspace{2cm} One line. documentclass {article} usepackage [demo] {graphicx} % omit 'demo' option in real document usepackage. I guess they referred to the font (size of 12pt) so. More precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page. This will result in very bad formatting if you do not fill the line yourself. SO, just after my contact info, I inserted the command vspace {-40pt}. plaintop - the normal style for LaTeX floats, but the caption is always above the content. And now, we use our new command exactly here\vspacebeforeline {18pt plus 6pt minus 6pt}, followed by a few other words to end the test. That was not my point. If you want to omit the date completely, use date {}, which stores an empty string. opskip=40pt parskip=10pt parindent=0pt aselineskip=15pt. prior to the table, and add a strut to the last entry in the table. 2 Answers. But it just moves the whole image down with the. Oct 6, 2013 at 7:40. 1 - vspace. This will effect all figures. 5cm}} Off-topic: you don't need graphicx with beamer; floating specifier such as [h!] don't make sense in a documentclass without floating mechanism; instead of textpos, I'd use beamer owns column mechanism1 Answer. Thanks for this really helpful answer. \vspace{\fill} in a paragraph will add the filling vertical space below the line in which it eventually appears; \vfill ends the paragraph at the spot and adds the filling vertical space. You must not fight LaTeX, but rather embrace it. Vertical spacing in floats. The argument could also have been in inches, e. lindtext probably doesn't end with par or a blank line, so it's still in horizontal mode when the environment ends. e. Fixed length: Use a fixed hspace {<len>} between the subfigures, together with centering to centre and separate the subfigures by a fixed distance <len> ( 1em in my example). vspace vspace[*]{length} The vspace command adds vertical space. When TeX breaks a line it discards white space (glue) that would come at the start of a line. 5aselineskip} after end {eventlist}: % itle {My two column CV} % % tccv (two columns curriculum vitae) is a LaTeX class inspired by % the. This will produce the same result as ewline and . 0 | Ubuntu 10. documentclass{article} usepackage[T1]{fontenc} egin{document} Some text hspace{1cm} more text. documentclass {article} egin {document} I am new to LateX@. 1cm] for example or changing the arraystretch which I do not want to do. Use hspace{amount} or hfill if you want the right subfigure get shifted to the right margin between the two subfigures: egin{figure} centering egin{subfigure. 5, so one-half. Then the float contents, followed by a final horizontal rule. 我们这一章主要说一说一个经常会被引用的词语： 排版. The example of text I am using (I just got the first . cls makes it straightforward create exam papers and typeset questions. It is usually a good idea to include some flexibility, particularly if your document is flush bottom (often the default), to give LaTeX some extra freedom in. You can add negative as well as positive space with an \vspace. I would like to control the vertical separation between two formulas inside egin {equation} end {equation}, is this possible? Here it is an example of what I want (using an ugly trick):Regular vspace adds space only at the end of a line or between paragraphs (which is its normal use). 0pt plus 2. showboxdepth=1 showboxbreadth=10000 racingonline=1 setbox0=vbox { First linehfilreak Second line } showbox0 end. You could use vsplit, but for a document like this I believe that visual formatting is better. How does one edit the following document so that there is equal vertical spacing both above and below chapter, sections and sub-sections, as indicated in the mock-up photograph (right)? documentclass [a4paper,12pt] {scrreprt} usepackage {lipsum} ewlength. You can add negative as well as positive space with an \vspace command. I would like to add some space between the rows in a table, specifically to prevent the brackets in my matrices to touch, cf. You can use the doublespacing command provided by the setspace package. Since I have longer (line-wrapped) text and an image in the. vspace*{-2em} lipsum[2] end{document} I want to do this globally, getting rid of the spacing denoted by the red rectangles. In this, the final post of the series, we're going to look at customising some of the opening pages. If vspace appears in the middle of a paragraph the space is added after the line containing it. 1 Answer. If you do not want to modify the standard template and just want a quick fix for this, you may add the following command to your document preamble: ewcommand {squeezeup} {vspace {-2. 167. This primitive puts the "choice item" to the math list. . , points, inches, etc. bibliography name. You should hardly ever need to use explicit spaces in a latex document, spaces should be under the control of structural commands such as lists and section headings. In addition to that, for a better look, other two \vspace {\fill} are used to equally distribute the images along the vertical. will allow setting any line spacing. The wrapfig package documentation explicitly warns about this: The environment should be placed so as to not run over a page break. Writing an engaging Resume is not an easy task. 1. I believe even ewline will do. Avoiding redefining/custom codes for standard LaTeX command. usepackage {setspace} after your documentclass line. Since quad [qquad] is equivalent to a horizontal skip of 1em [2em], use hspace{-1em} [hspace{-2em}] to obtain a negative space amount. In LyX, I added usepackage{amsmath} to Document -> Settings -> LaTeX Preamble. \bigskip & \medskip & \smallskip, for common inter-paragraph spaces. Sorted by: 270. However, this does not work for algorithms as there is a line displayed below the algorithm. Ta có thể dùng hspace (khoảng trống theo chiều ngang) và vspace (khoảng trống theo chiều dọc). The length of the space can be expressed in any terms that LaTeX understands, i. To remove the spacing at the start of a title created with maketitle (and without using the titlepage option of the article class), one may alter the definition of the internal class command @maketitle. (If the table had vertical rules from | they would be broken by. I appreciate the use of the name John Due. – Werner ♦. Sorted by: 55. For example posttitle is a command to define the ‘closing material’ to the title block. tex document I. Try vspace {-5mm} before the itemize. This is quite large ( 1. We can use TeX to see this in action. The parameter farskip governs the spacing above and between rows of subfloats; with captionskip we set the distance from the subfigure and the caption. You can add negative as well as positive space with an vspace command. 学弱猹 . spacefactor=3000space x. png} \caption{M1. Some comments: Note the use of % at the end of lines. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow,. vspace {1ex plus 0. e. Text at the top of the page. The only precaution to be taken is adding a blank line before vspace when the vertical space is meant to appear between paragraphs, which usually is the case. The above does a local search-and-replace within @makeschapterhead (replacing \vspace*{50\p@} with nothing, before calling the regular table of contents. The solution was to disable interlineskip with either offinterlineskip or ointerlineskip. 1 - \vspace. 5ex} The new day dawned cold. But most of the time it doesn't work properly. 001 in} Area1 & \vspace{0. 2222em space in text mode, or medmuskip. Please find the code below. chapter issues a clearpage to start on a new page, and the insertion of a vspace*, while necessary, inserts content that is sufficient for the clearpage to be realised. Not a trivial question: see this TeX. The advantage of this method is that you don't need a closing statement, such as end {} or a curly bracket. Always use a list for this. linespread {1. Operators spacing. quad and qquad generates a horizontal blank. I use the command enewcommand* {Authfont} {fseries}. Note : The multiplication factor is based on having twice the pageheight, therefore 1/3 = 0. The difference is almost unnoticeable. So I doubled it. The horizontal gap between the contents of the wrapfig environment and the surrounding paragraph text is columnsep (from the wrapfig documentation, section 2 Sizing and optional overhang, p 3):. 1 Answer Sorted by: 3 Fill before and after. You can undo either of these vertical spaces by issuing vspace {-parskip} or vspace {-abovedisplayskip} just before the minipage. will result in three spaces between the two words (the space after vspace{10pt} is swallowed, but the others remain). ; Solutions 1. vspace{ 1cm } %Example of different font sizes and types In this example, a command and a switch are used. The above solution seems to affect all figures. Regarding the second question: The @ isn't needed with words ending with lowercase letters. documentclass {article} usepackage {lipsum} %for dummy text egin {document} lipsum [1] vspace {0. Tables Up: Commands for Text Mode Previous: Centering and Underlining. \vspace{10cm} Even more text. Note the use of hspace* {fill} on either side of the subfigures, while hfill suffices between them. Lamport, the designer of LaTeX. 2 Answers. With some like setlength { opsep} {5em} before of the new theorem style definition, you will see a big space before and after the theorem. The command vspace* adds the space. This time-honoured literary device is supported by LaTeX and in this help article we explain the main footnote-related commands and provide a range of examples to demonstrate their use. end{document} QuestionThe titling package gives you customisable hooks for re-styling the look of maketitle. Additional features include: color theme options (blue/green), clickable references to. vspace{-3mm} This will reduce vertical space by 3mm. The standard LATEX document classes article, report and book preset it to. See What is the difference between vskip and vspace? for more information about vspace and vskip. \vspace {\fill. TeX - LaTeX Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for users of TeX, LaTeX, ConTeXt, and related typesetting systems. 5em which represents the width of a character in monospaced font. the best practice, and recommended, method of using LaTeX packages such as setspace and parskip which provide options and user-level commands to change the spacing of your LaTeX documents;; use of low-level TeX/LaTeX parameter. And if you want to use any other size of spacing, you can use []. As I stated in a comment, you can use the starred version of vspace {. 0pt minus 4. Yes! par (or a blank line) and vspace {2cm} after works!Adding vspace in vertical mode directly adds the space at the point written. But for binary operators such as + +, − − and × ×, the medmuskip space is set. If LaTeX is not currently in vertical mode, LaTeX saves the \vspace until next time it enters vertical mode. I am designing a titlepage for my report and I am a bit confused in deciding to use either parvspace{2cm} oindent or [2cm] (for example). . ctrl + space. instead LaTeX's vspace*. But inserting the equivalent of a strut at the top of the box will leave the white space you. } if a negative argument is supplied? Most. Here’s a complete guide on its usage and functionality. In this, the final post of the series, we're going to look at customising some of the opening pages. There is another more subtle difference: space expands to a space token, while ␣ is unexpandable. 04\textwidth} between the two images. 1. 2222em space in text mode, or \medmuskip (equivalent. The screenshot show why vspace should not be used. 45linewidth} centering includegraphics[width=5cm, height=5cm]{m1. This article explores two methods of making changes to various aspects of paragraph spacing: . The difference between vspace and vspace* is clear. Note you want \vspace* not \vfill or the space would be discarded if the column break happened at that point. The problem hereby is that macro is a global toggle and disables it globally. To get the correct spacing above a vertical box you should use vtop instead of vbox for the reasons outlined above. How do I insert some text in exactly the vertical middle of the remainder of a page? Something like \vspace{0. biblatex uses different lengths that you can change: ibitemsep, and ibnamesep, ibinitsep, which set the space between entries generally, different names, and different letter groups. As such, insert a blank line (or explicit \par) after test1. If it is added in horizontal mode it is deferred until the paragraph is broken into lines and then the space is added after the line that contained the node carrying the deferred space. The Overflow Blog CEO update: Giving thanks and building. You can modify the following lengths, which affect all floats. I have seen similar questions on the matter (Question 1, Question 2) of adding vertical space and not breaking vertical lines, the solutions suggested are to add space after the using [0. I have already reduced \floatsep, \textfloatsep and \intextsep but it does not seem to help. In the previous post we looked at adding a bibliography to our thesis using the biblatex package. Using the titlesec package you can use itlespacing* you can change the spacing before and after the title; the syntax of the command is: itlespacing* {<command>} {<left>} {<before-sep>} {<after-sep>} (there's an additional optional argument, but it's not important here). The command \vspace* adds the space that is not deleted. Operators spacing. 5in} At the indentation of this sentence, TeX went into horizontal mode. setstretch {1. For left alignment of the last row just add \hspace{0. I am using overleaf. To produce (vertical) blank space between paragraphs, use vspace. The above picture shows the author and affiliation format generated by my MWE. \vspace{0. Some suggestions: The [H] float specifier (from the float package) doesn't help here, since you're keeping things together anyway. The following are length commands that generate horizontal space with their various descriptions and examples. I can add a vspace{-1em} after each itemize to remove the space, but that seems like fighting the LaTeX rather than embracing it. The \usepackage[showframe]{geometry} was used to show the margins. is there anythingl like this for Bibliography. More precisely, LaTeX discards vertical space at a page. The problem is solved by using gather: documentclass {article} usepackage {amsmath} egin {document} Sample text Sample text Sample text Sample text Sample text Sample. LaTeX has three length variables to control (i) the distance between two adjacent floating objects (such as figure, table, or algorithm objects), (ii) the distance between a float at the top (bottom) of a page and the text below (above) it, and (iii) the distance between an in-text float and the text above and below it; they are called. 1. end{document} Left is Plain, right is LaTeX Conclusion: what you heard is not true. 数学话题下的优秀答主. vspace和vskip的区别. <left> increases the left margin; <before-sep> controls the. If you are using the titlesec package to define your section headings, also have a look at. Learn how to insert line breaks, page breaks and blank spaces in LaTeX with different commands and options. However, using R (or L) instead of r (or l) your figure will float, so simply changing r to R in the above code,. \documentclass {article} \begin {document} \vspace* {250px} I want to be further down on the page : ( \vspace {250px} Haha! Sucker :D \end {document} Share. Only add that the first two are not exactly the same (see What is the difference between vskip and vspace?) and well as the later two, but vspace or vskip could be also rubber lengths (e. Hay dos comandos que insertan espacios en blanco en este ejemplo:A quick way would be to use vspace {} with negative length as input. I am new to LaTeX. You can add negative as well as positive space with an vspace. Lengths are units of distance relative to some document elements. Sorted by: 5. Putting the two images(top and bottom) in one subfigure environment and use vspace{-xx} to close the gap. so, you need to move your wrapfig environment to guarantee that it won't run over a page break. ) -form inserts vertical space that is non-discardable. 16667em space in text mode, or hinmuskip (equivalent to 3mu) in math mode; there's an equivalent hinspace macro; ! is the negative equivalent to ,; there's an equivalent egthinspace macro; > (or :) inserts a .